流感病毒是现今可以致命的呼吸道病毒，机体的杀伤细胞NK在抵抗流感病毒中发挥着非常重要的作用。NKp46受体是由NK细胞产生用于防止病毒感染的。当细胞被感染的时候，病毒产生的血凝集素蛋白会被NKp46所识别，然后NKp46结合NK细胞的NKp46受体，进而激活免疫，并清除受感染的细胞，从而消灭病毒。

在该研究中，研究人员通过体内和体外两个方面揭示了流感病毒神经氨酸酶介导的免疫逃逸机制。同时也证明了用于流感病毒感染治疗的NA抑制剂可以抑制病毒的繁殖，同时促进NKp46对于病毒的识别，进而加强免疫。

Neuraminidase-Mediated, NKp46-Dependent Immune-Evasion Mechanism of Influenza Viruses

Yotam Bar-On,Ariella Glasner,Tal Meningher,Hagit Achdout,Chamutal Gur,Dikla Lankry,Alon Vitenshtein,Adrienne F.A. Meyers,Michal Mandelboim,Ofer Mandelboim

Natural killer （NK） cells play an essential role in the defense against influenza virus, one of the deadliest respiratory viruses known today. The NKp46 receptor, expressed by NK cells, is critical for controlling influenza infections, as influenza-virus-infected cells are eliminated through the recognition of the viral hemagglutinin （HA） protein by NKp46. Here, we describe an immune-evasion mechanism of influenza viruses that is mediated by the neuraminidase （NA） protein. By using various NA blockers, we show that NA removes sialic acid residues from NKp46 and that this leads to reduced recognition of HA